ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Step by step implementation guide Part-02
ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Step by step implementation guide Part-02
Illness and Injury
Global:
The awaited
international standard for occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS),
is envisioned to modify workplace practices globally.
ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS, offers a vigorous and effective set of processes, for
improving work safety in global supply chains.
The standard is designed
to help organizations and industries of all sizes. It is also expected to
reduce workplace injuries and illnesses globally.
Statistics:
The International LaborOrganization (ILO) calculated workplace injuries and fatalities in 2017.
According to the ILO data, 2.78 million fatal accidents happen at workplaces
annually. In other words, seven thousand, seven hundred people die each day
because of work-related illness and injury.
Moreover, there are
approx. 374 million incidents of non-fatal, work-related illness and damage
each year. Most of these incidents cause loss-of-time injuries, meaning
absenteeism from work. These facts are a sober reflection of the contemporary
reality of workplace damage and illness. Moreover people and businesses run the
risk of experiencing illness and damage, as a consequence of merely
doing their job to earn a living.
Global Solution:
Is ISO 45001 the
answer to the problem of occupation health and safety performance globally? ISO
45001 is expected to change the situation by empowering companies to perform
better. It offers legislative and regulatory bodies, industry and other
interested parties, practical management solutions for ensuring worker safety
across all industries.
The recognized ISO
standardization framework can be utilized to promote better health and safety
conditions. Moreover it is a practical solution for original equipment
manufacturers, contractual partners and production houses. This management
system can assist everyone to achieve a safer workplace, irrespective of their
nationality and regional dynamics.
What makes ISO 45001 internationally
important? International experts and writers worked together to produce the
standard. It is the result of a close collaboration from contributors from more
than seventy nation states.
As discussed, the ISO
45001 OHSMS has been produced by the ISO committee ISO/PC 283. Also, the
British Standards Institution (BSI) served as the committee’s
secretariat for the development of the standard.
Suitability:
Why is ISO 45001 better
than OHSAS 18001? ISO 45001 was developed in collaboration with other
ISO management systems.
Developers tried to
ensure it is an easy-to-use framework, compatible with the latest versions of
the ISO 9001 QMS and the ISO 14001 EMS. Companies who have
already implemented other ISO standards, will find it easy to implement ISO
45001.
Substituting OHSAS 18001
ISO 45001 works as a substitute for OHSAS 18001, the world’s most
widely used reference for occupational health and safety standards.
Companies already
compliant with and certified by OHSAS 18001, will have a 3 year migration
period to comply with the new ISO 45001 standard. However certification is
not a requirement of the ISO 45001 standard.
Gap Analysis:
If your organization is
currently using the OHSAS 18001 standard, migrating to ISO 45001:2018 is
a beneficial solution, as multiple clause requirements of ISO 45001:2018 are
equivalent or analogous. Note however, that clauses may utilize different
terminology or be arranged in a different order.
Guide to existing OHSAS
18001 users:
• Get a copy of
the standard from the ISO Store at: www.iso.org/iso/iso45001 or from your
national ISO representative.
• Examine the changes in
the standard, or use the comparative matrix in this course as a free resource.
• Conduct a 'gaps
analysis' between ISO 45001 and your current OHSAS 18001 system.
• Apply the necessary
actions to fill any identified gaps.
Employee Participation
The internal and
external issues of organizations need to be addressed, in a business context
analysis perspective, with occupational health and safety in mind, as per Clause
4.1 of the ISO 45001:2018 standard. This mandates the company to recognize
systematically and study the various issues which effect their business
operations, as well as the management system.
Clause 4.2 focuses on the need for organizations to address workers’ needs
and expectations, as well as the needs and expectations of other effected
parties, in the matter of workplace health and safety. The company is required
to address these issues through a verifiable occupational health and safety
management system. Clause 4.3 relates to scope. Unlike in OHSAS
18001, scope should only be defined when clauses 4.1 and 4.2 have been
adequately addressed.
Responsibility:
Similar to ISO 9001 and
ISO 14001, there is a high stress in ISO 45001:2018, on the responsibility
top management has, to enforce consultation with and participation from
workers, as per clause 5.2. In addition, top management must encourage
workplace safety and employee health and monitor health and safety performance,
ensuring the effectiveness of the OHSMS.
Organizational
leadership is accountable for developing health and safety policy. Moreover,
policy should be agreed with the organization's labor union representatives and
health and safety personnel, where applicable. As per clause 5.3 of the
standard, all roles, responsibilities and authorities must be properly defined,
communicated and documented. However the accountability of top management for
the overall OHSMS system cannot be delegated.
Participation:
Clause 5.4 of the ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS, is a much improved clause, compared
with OHSAS 18001. It documents information related to assisting the
participation, involvement and communication of all workers, at every level in
an organization, with the occupational health and safety management
system.
Many organizations do
not have a management representative or a health and safety representative. If
there is no union representative in an organization, the ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS
standard will not mandate this on companies. However top management must
ensure worker participation and consultation by other means.
Additions and Improvements
Documentation:
lause 6.2 of ISO 45001:2018, deals with incentives for organizational
improvement and performance evaluation (see also clause 9.1.1). Clauses
7.1 to 7.5, deal with various organizational support functions, including
the availability of resources, the competency of workers to perform work
safely, health and safety awareness of workers, visitors and contractors,
health and safety communication and the requirements for documenting
information.
Important points
relating to support requirements:
• Communications are
evaluated for their effectiveness.
• Employee awareness
includes: policies, hazardous risks, employees/contractors role re. health and
safety performance (e.g. the awareness to remove oneself from ‘serious
danger’).
• The documentation of
information is similar to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. This
encompasses how an organization creates, maintains and retains information that
is compulsory for the OHSMS.
Provision:
Clauses 8.1 to 8.2, deal with organizational operations, preparedness planning,
identifying risk and hazards, controls and emergency situations. Risks and
hazards should be addressed by implementing a hierarchy of controls. The
management of change and operational modifications, is described in clause
8.1.3. This includes managing instruments, circumstances, employees,
obligations, legal issues and compliance.
What would be the impact
to your organizational reputation, if one of your suppliers or contractors was
involved in a major occupational health and safety incident? ISO 45001 requires
organizations to analyze risks associated with an organization’s reputation.
Procurement and
outsourcing is covered in the new standard, whereby it is required to
scrutinize purchased goods and services, in relation to health and safety
requirements. In addition, there is an improved requirement relating to the
health and safety of contractors, regarding the requirement to ensure a safe
and healthy work environment.
Addition:
ISO 45001:2018, Clause
9, includes enhanced and extended evaluation of performance, compared with
the British OHSAS 18001 standard:
• Compliance evaluation
has been extended to incorporate the means and regularity of evaluation; the
organization is required to maintain knowledge and awareness of the
organization's compliance.
• Internal audit results
need to be discussed with workers.
• The management review
clause has improved the inputs and requirements of OHSAS 18001. It has added
risks and opportunities, improvements, communications, management system
effectiveness and the issues of interested parties.
Risk and Prevention
Prevention:
ISO 45001:2018 Clause 10, removes the linguistic reference to
‘preventive’ action, as it is already covered in the risk management phase.
Organizations have to deal with incidents, correct the problem, investigate the
root cause and take corrective action. The corrective action is then evaluated
to check its effectiveness.
The organization is required to show that it has implemented the
values of risk management and continual improvement through: root cause
investigation, in-depth analysis, modified risk analysis and required operations.
Organizations must be able to prove that they are using the outputs from
performance analysis and evaluation, to recognize and resolve gaps and
opportunities.
Risks and Opportunities
In clauses 6.1.1,
6.1.2.3 and 6.1.4, organizations need to identify significant
risks and opportunities concerned with the factors of the organization’s
context, as referenced in clauses 4.1 and 4.2.
These risks and
opportunities need to be identified and considered and action needs to be
taken to optimize performance. Risk management concerns not just hazards, but
also internal and external issues and the needs and expectations of interested
parties.
All these factors
together influence the capability of the management system to yield its
intended results i.e. improved health and safety performance at work.
THANK YOU
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Part-06: ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Step by step implementation guide
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